Toxoplasma gondii IgG Serointensity Is Positively Associated With Frailty

Author:

Mohyuddin Hira12,Laffon Blanca34ORCID,Teixeira João P56,Costa Solange56,Teixeira-Gomes Armanda67,Pásaro Eduardo34,Constantine Niel8,Dagdag Aline1,Ortmeyer Heidi K910,Tizenberg Boris1,Afram Liubov1,Yen Poyu1,Marano Christopher1,Lowry Christopher A1112,Hoisington Andrew J1213,RachBeisel Jill A1,Valdiglesias Vanessa414ORCID,Lema-Arranz Carlota34,Fernández-Bertólez Natalia414,Maseda Ana15ORCID,Millán-Calenti José C15,Kovacs Elizabeth J1216,Gostner Johanna M17,Fuchs Dietmar18ORCID,Brenner Lisa A1219,Lorenzo-López Laura15ORCID,Postolache Teodor T112

Affiliation:

1. Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA

2. Psychiatry Residency Training Program, George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia , USA

3. Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación , Campus Elviña s/n, A Coruña , Spain

4. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC) , Oza, A Coruña , Spain

5. Environment Health Department, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge , Porto , Portugal

6. EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal

7. School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto , Porto , Portugal

8. Institute of Human Virology and Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA

9. Baltimore VA Medical Center , Baltimore, Maryland , USA

10. Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, Maryland , USA

11. Department of Integrative Physiology, Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Center for Neuroscience, and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder , Boulder, Colorado , USA

12. VA Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) , Aurora, Colorado , USA

13. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado , USA

14. Universidade da Coruña, Grupo NanoToxGen, CICA—Centro Interdisciplinar de Química e Bioloxía, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias , Campus A Zapateira s/n, A Coruña , Spain

15. Universidade da Coruña, Gerontology and Geriatrics Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS) , A Coruña , Spain

16. Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, Alcohol Research Program, Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado   USA

17. Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck , Austria

18. Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University , Innsbruck , Austria

19. Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, and Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus , Aurora, Colorado , USA

Abstract

Abstract Background Persistent inflammation related to aging (“inflammaging”) is exacerbated by chronic infections and contributes to frailty in older adults. We hypothesized associations between Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), a common parasite causing an oligosymptomatic unremitting infection, and frailty, and secondarily between T. gondii and previously reported markers of immune activation in frailty. Methods We analyzed available demographic, social, and clinical data in Spanish and Portuguese older adults [N = 601; age: mean (SD) 77.3 (8.0); 61% women]. Plasma T. gondii immunoglobulin G (IgG) serointensity was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The Fried criteria were used to define frailty status. Validated translations of Mini-Mental State Examination, Geriatric Depression Scale, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index were used to evaluate confounders. Previously analyzed biomarkers that were significantly associated with frailty in both prior reports and the current study, and also related to T. gondii serointensity, were further accounted for in multivariable logistic models with frailty as outcome. Results In T. gondii-seropositives, there was a significant positive association between T. gondii IgG serointensity and frailty, accounting for age (p = .0002), and resisting adjustment for multiple successive confounders. Among biomarkers linked with frailty, kynurenine/tryptophan and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor II were positively associated with T. gondii serointensity in seropositives (p < .05). Associations with other biomarkers were not significant. Conclusions This first reported association between T. gondii and frailty is limited by a cross-sectional design and warrants replication. While certain biomarkers of inflammaging were associated with both T. gondii IgG serointensity and frailty, they did not fully mediate the T. gondii–frailty association.

Funder

Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation

Xunta de Galicia

Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

University of Maryland School of Medicine Center

Clinical Science Research & Development Service

National Institute on Aging

National Institutes of Health

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Geriatrics and Gerontology,Aging

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5. Does vascular endothelial dysfunction play a role in physical frailty and sarcopenia? A systematic review;Amarasekera,2021

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