Affiliation:
1. Functional Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden
2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
3. Medical Epidemiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Uppsala , Uppsala , Sweden
Abstract
Abstract
Statins are widely used for cardiovascular disease prevention but their effects on cognition remain unclear. Statins reduce cholesterol concentration and have been suggested to provide both beneficial and detrimental effects. Our aim was to investigate the cross-sectional and longitudinal association between statin use and cognitive performance, and whether blood low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, glucose, C-reactive protein, and vitamin D biomarkers mediated this association. We used participants from the UK biobank aged 40–69 without neurological and psychiatric disorders (n = 147 502 and n = 24 355, respectively). We performed linear regression to evaluate the association between statin use and cognitive performance and, mediation analysis to quantify the total, direct, indirect effects and the proportion meditated by blood biomarkers. Statin use was associated with lower cognitive performance at baseline (β = −0.40 [−0.53, −0.28], p = <.0001), and this association was mediated by low-density lipoprotein (proportion mediated = 51.4%, p = .002), C-reactive protein (proportion mediated = −11%, p = .006) and blood glucose (proportion mediated = 2.6%, p = .018) concentrations. However, statin use was not associated with cognitive performance, measured 8 years later (β = −0.003 [−0.11, 0.10], p = .96). Our findings suggest that statins are associated with lower short-term cognitive performance by lowering low-density lipoprotein and raising blood glucose concentrations, and better performance by lowering C-reactive protein concentrations. In contrast, statins have no effect on long-term cognition and remain beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.
Funder
Swedish Research Council
Tore Nilsson Foundation
Lars Hiertas Minne Foundation
Emil and Ragna Börjesons Foundation
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Geriatrics and Gerontology,Aging
Cited by
2 articles.
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