The Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study—Ground-Breaking Science for 25 Years and Counting

Abstract

Abstract Background The Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study is a longitudinal cohort study that started just over 25 years ago. This ground-breaking study tested specific hypotheses about the importance of weight, body composition, and weight-related health conditions for incident functional limitation in older adults. Methods Narrative review with analysis of ancillary studies, career awards, publications, and citations. Results Key findings of the study demonstrated the importance of body composition as a whole, both fat and lean mass, in the disablement pathway. The quality of the muscle in terms of its strength and its composition was found to be a critical feature in defining sarcopenia. Dietary patterns and especially protein intake, social factors, and cognition were found to be critical elements for functional limitation and disability. The study is highly cited and its assessments have been widely adopted in both observational studies and clinical trials. Its impact continues as a platform for collaboration and career development. Conclusions The Health ABC provides a knowledge base for the prevention of disability and promotion of mobility in older adults.