Role of Walking Energetics and Perceived Fatigability Differs by Gait Speed: The Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA)

Abstract

Abstract Background Slower gait speed may be driven by greater energy deficits and fatigability among older adults. We examined associations of walking energetics and perceived physical fatigability with gait speed among slower and faster walkers. Additionally, we used statistical mediation to examine the role of fatigability in the associations of walking energetics and gait speed using the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). Methods Perceived physical fatigability was assessed using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) Physical score (range 0–50, higher = greater). A 3-phase cardiopulmonary exercise treadmill test collected peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak, mL/kg/min), energetic cost of walking (ECW, mL/kg/m), and cost–capacity ratio (VO2/VO2peak*100, %). Slower (<1.01 m/s) versus faster (≥1.01 m/s) walkers were classified using median 4-m gait speed. Linear regressions and statistical mediation analyses were conducted. Results Slower walkers had lower VO2peak, higher ECW at preferred walking speed (PWS), and greater PFS Physical score compared to faster walkers (all p < .05; N = 849). One standard deviation (1-SD) higher VO2peak was associated with 0.1 m/s faster gait speed, while 1-SD higher ECW PWS, cost–capacity ratio at PWS and slow walking speed (SWS), and PFS Physical score were associated with 0.02–0.23 m/s slower gait speed. PFS Physical score was a significant statistical mediator in the associations between VO2peak (15.2%), SWS cost–capacity ratio (15.9%), and ECW PWS (10.7%) with gait speed and was stronger among slower walkers. Conclusions Slower walkers may be more influenced by perceptions of fatigue in addition to walking energetics. Our work highlights the importance of targeting both energetics and perceived fatigability to prevent mobility decline.