A model to visualize the fate of iron after intracranial hemorrhage using isotopic tracers and elemental bioimaging

Abstract

Abstract Hemoglobin–iron is a red blood cell toxin contributing to secondary brain injury after intracranial bleeding. We present a model to visualize an intracerebral hematoma and secondary hemoglobin–iron distribution by detecting 58Fe-labeled hemoglobin (Hb) with laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on mouse brain cryosections after stereotactic whole blood injection for different time periods. The generation of 58Fe-enriched blood and decisive steps in the acute hemorrhage formation and evolution were evaluated. The model allows visualization and quantification of 58Fe with high spatial resolution and striking signal-to-noise ratio. Script-based evaluation of the delocalization depth revealed ongoing 58Fe delocalization in the brain even 6 days after hematoma induction. Collectively, the model can quantify the distribution of Hb-derived iron post-bleeding, providing a methodological framework to study the pathophysiological basis of cell-free Hb toxicity in hemorrhagic stroke.