Genetic Associations with Indoor Tanning Addiction among non-Hispanic White Young Adult Women

Abstract

Abstract Background Some young people may become addicted to indoor tanning in a manner similar to other forms of addiction, but research on genetic associations with indoor tanning addiction remains limited. Purpose To examine if liabilities in genetic addiction reward pathways and psychiatric comorbidity influence the risk of indoor tanning addiction. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with a community sample of 292 non-Hispanic white young adult women aged 18–30 years who reported indoor tanning in the past year. Self-report measures included indoor tanning frequency, appearance orientation, depressive symptoms, and two screeners of tanning addiction. DNA samples were analyzed for 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in addiction reward pathways. Results No SNPs were significantly associated with tanning addiction in univariate analyses after multiplicity adjustment. In multivariable analyses adjusting for indoor tanning frequency, appearance orientation, and depressive symptoms, variant genotypes (CC or CT) in two DRD2 dopamine receptor gene SNPs were associated with increased odds of indoor tanning addiction (rs4436578, odds ratio [OR]: 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–4.77; rs4648318, OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.02–3.72). Variant SNP genotypes interacted with depressive symptoms to increase the risk of indoor tanning addiction: OR: 10.79, 95% CI: 3.25, 35.80, OR: 13.60, 95% CI: 4.13, 44.78, respectively. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that DRD2 dopamine receptor gene SNPs are associated with indoor tanning addiction and young women with variant genotypes and elevated depressive symptoms may be at higher risk. These preliminary results support a reward-based model for indoor tanning addiction and warrant further investigation.