Co-Occurrence of Apathy and Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson Disease: Variation across Multiple Measures

Abstract

Abstract Objective To determine if the co-occurrence of apathy and impulse control disorders (ICDs) in Parkinson disease is dependent on instrument selection and assess the concurrent validity of three motivation measures by examining interrelationships between them. Method Ninety-seven cognitively normal individuals with idiopathic Parkinson disease (PD) completed the Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson Disease–Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) and three apathy measures: the Apathy Scale, Lille Apathy Rating Scale, and Item 4 of the Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale. Results Fifty (51.5%) participants were classified as apathetic on at least one measure, and only four individuals (4.3%) obtained clinically elevated scores on all three measures. The co-occurrence of apathy and ICD varied across measures. Conclusions We observed a co-occurrence of apathy and ICDs in PD patients with each apathy instrument; however, limited concurrent validity exists across measures. This is important for future investigations into shared pathophysiology and the design of future clinical trials aimed at improving the early detection and treatment of these debilitating syndromes.