The Utility of the Test of Memory Malingering Trial 1 in Differentiating Neurocognitive, Emotional, and Behavioral Functioning in a Pediatric Concussion Population

Abstract

Abstract Objective In concussion populations, suboptimal task engagement detected by performance validity tests (PVTs) has been associated with poorer neuropsychological scores and greater post-concussive symptoms (PCS). This study examined if Pass/Fail status on the Test of Memory Malingering—TOMM Trial 1—differentiated the neurocognitive, emotional, and behavioral profile of pediatric patients with concussion. Method This study utilized archival data from 93 patients (mean age = 14.56 and SD = 2.01) with a history of concussion who were assessed at ~5–6 weeks post-injury (mean days = 40.27 and SD = 35.41). Individuals were divided into “Pass” and “Fail” groups based on TOMM Trial 1 performance. The testing battery included ACT, CPT-II and III, HVLT-R, WJ-III and IV ACH, ImPACT, BASC-2, and BRIEF. Results The overall pass rate on Trial 1 was 70% (mean = 46.04 and SD = 4.55). Findings suggested that a passing score on Trial 1 may be associated with adequate performance across the remaining two trials of the TOMM. The Fail group scored significantly lower across attention, memory, and processing speed measures when compared with the Pass group. On rating scales, significantly more concerns were endorsed with the Fail group for attention and executive functioning relative to the Pass group. Parents generally endorsed significantly more concerns for executive functioning when compared with their children’s self-reported symptoms. There was a trend for the Fail group to report more PCS; however, they did not significantly differ from the Pass group for depression, anxiety, or somatization. Conclusions This study highlights the importance of utilizing PVTs when evaluating concussion recovery.