Properties of a fungicidal product formed from a reaction between L-cystine and pyridoxal

Abstract

AbstractPreviously we found that three components of a commonly used mammalian cell culture medium incorporated into agar killed cryptococci (Granger and Call 2019). The components were L-cystine, iron [Fe(III)], and pyridoxal (CIP). We now report on a buffered solution at neutral pH of the three components, which was highly fungicidal without agar. We showed that CIP fungicidal activity, identical to the findings with cell culture medium, was inactivated by visible light and was unstable with storage in the dark. Congeners replacing either pyridoxal or L-cystine in CIP revealed structural requirements for fungicidal activity. Replacing pyridoxal in CIP with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde produced a solution that was equally fungicidal and maintained fungicidal activity upon storage in the dark for up to 50 days. We employed methods for excluding iron from CIP and found that fungicidal activity was not affected. Upon mixing L-cystine and pyridoxal in buffer at pH 7.0, diode array spectroscopy revealed a red-shift of absorbance maximum from 391 nm to 398 nm. Our findings point to Schiff base reaction between the pyridoxal aldehyde group of C1 with the alpha amino group(s) of cystine to yield a fungicidal compound. Light at wave length approximately 400 nm inactivates this complex accompanied by bleaching of the pyridine ring of pyridoxal. Our findings may be useful for design of a class of fungicidal compounds formed through Schiff base reaction of disulfide compounds with aromatic ring-bearing aldehydes.