Hypocholesterolaemia as a prognostic factor in venomous snakebite: a retrospective study from a single centre in Kerala, India

Abstract

Abstract Background Studies have suggested a association between serum cholesterol values and severity of envenoming. The objective of the study was to correlate the serum cholesterol levels with severity of envenoming in victims of snakebite, across snake species in our patient population. Methods Retrospective secondary data analysis of health records of a cohort of snakebite victims treated at Little Flower Hospital, Angamaly, Kerala during June 2006–January 2008 was performed. The cholesterol values were assessed in 205 consecutive patients admitted with snakebite envenoming, within 24 h of admission and 10 h of overnight fasting. Lipid fractions were estimated from fasting serum through the standard CHOD-PAP method on a Hitachi analyzer. The cholesterol level was compared between victims with mild and serious envenoming to assess the proportion among each category with a low cholesterol (defined as ≤150 mg/dl as per institutional criteria). In addition, low cholesterol as a marker of severity was compared with other laboratory parameters suggesting severe envenoming such as low fibrinogen, low platelet count, neutrophilia, elevated creatinine, d-dimer, hepatic transaminases and albuminuria. Results Of the 146 victims with serious degree of snakebite envenoming 116 (79%) had low cholesterol values ≤150 mg%, while 30 (21%) had values >150 mg%. Of the patients with low cholesterol, 116 (78%) had serious envenoming, while 22% had mild envenoming. By contrast, 30 patients (21%) had values >150 mg%. The risk of moderate-severe envenoming with low cholesterol was 2.7 times (170%) that of victims with normal or high cholesterol on admission. Conclusions A low cholesterol on admission in victims of snake envenoming suggested a more severe degree of envenoming and likelihood of complications.