The high burden of pediatric cystic echinococcosis in Kazakhstan: epidemiological and clinical consequences

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is attributable to Echinococcus granulosus metacestodes. Ultrasound examinations enable a stage-specific approach to CE management. However, this approach is not often applied in endemic areas, which include Kazakhstan. Methods We collected clinical and ultrasound data on CE pediatric patients seen at a national referral surgical center in Almaty, Kazakhstan, during 2015–2020. Results We included 49 patients, and 79 cysts that were all surgically treated. All but one patient carried active cysts (CE1-CE3 stages). Twenty-six (53.2%) did not receive albendazole postsurgery. Children with CE1 and CE3a cysts underwent surgery, while the use of albendazole and percutaneous drainage were advised upon by experts. Conclusions A stage-specific approach to CE management in Kazakhstan is urgent, especially in the pediatric population. The rate of active cysts suggests continuing transmission of CE.