Phylogenetic analysis of Acanthamoeba isolated from soil samples and nasal cavities of patients with malignancy: a public health concern in the northwest of Iran

Abstract

Abstract Background The genus Acanthamoeba is reported from various environmental sources and can cause multiple complications, including chronic amoebic aeratitis and amoebic granulomatous encephalitis. This study investigated the presence and genotyping of Acanthamoeba in the soil of parks and patients with malignancies referred to health centers in Zanjan city, Iran. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 200 soil samples were collected from amusement parks in Zanjan city from September 2017 to May 2018. Samples were cultured on 1.5% non-nutrient agar, and the Acanthamoeba genus was identified using the morphological method. PCR was performed on all positive environmental samples, and six microscopically positive clinical samples belonged to our previous study. DNA sequencing of 18S rRNA was performed to analyze the genetic pattern of some PCR-positive isolates. Results Microscopic results showed that 96 (48%) soil samples were positive. PCR confirmed all positive cases of clinical samples and 84 soil samples. Out of the PCR-positive samples, 20 soil samples and five clinical samples were sequenced successfully. All soil isolates belonged to the T4 genotype, and three and two clinical samples belonged to T4 and T5 genotypes, respectively. Conclusion : The presence of Acanthamoeba in both the environment and clinical samples of Zanjan city suggests paying greater attention to the infections caused by it.