Historic Assessment and Analysis of the Mass Production of Laricobius spp. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), Biological Control Agents for the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, at Virginia Tech

Author:

Foley Jeremiah R1ORCID,Jubb Carrie S1,Cole D Austin2,Mausel David3,Galloway Ashley Lamb4,Brooks Rachel5,Salom Scott M1

Affiliation:

1. Department of Entomology, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

2. Department of Statistics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA

3. US Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Milwaukee, WI, USA

4. Math and Science Department, Roane State Community College, Harriman, TN, USA

5. Washington Department of Natural Resources, Forest Health and Resiliency Division, MS, Olympia, WA, USA

Abstract

Abstract Laricobius nigrinus (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) Fender and Laricobius osakensis (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) Montgomery and Shiyake have been mass produced by Virginia Tech as biological control agents for the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae) Annand, for the past 15 and 9 yr, respectively. Herein, we describe modifications of our rearing procedures, trends and analyses in the overall production of these agents, and the redistribution of these agents for release to local and federal land managers. Based on these data, we have highlighted three major challenges to the rearing program: 1) high mortality during the subterranean portion of its life cycle (averaging 63% annually) reducing beetle production, 2) asynchrony in estivation emergence relative to the availability of their host HWA minimizing food availability, and 3) unintended field collections of Laricobius spp. larvae on HWA provided to lab-reared larvae complicating rearing procedures. We further highlight corresponding avenues of research aimed at addressing each of these challenges to further improve Laricobius spp. production.

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Subject

Insect Science,General Medicine

Reference56 articles.

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