Identification, expression profiles, and binding properties of chemosensory protein 18 in Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Abstract

Abstract Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are highly efficient carry tools to bind and deliver hydrophobic compounds, which play an important role in the chemosensory process in insects. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a cosmopolitan pest that attacks cruciferous crops. However, the detailed physiological functions of CSPs in P. xylostella remain limited to date. Here, we identified a typical CSP, named PxylCSP18, in P. xylostella and investigated its expression patterns and binding properties of volatiles. PxylCSP18 was highly expressed in antennae and head (without antennae), and the expression level in the male antennae of P. xylostella was obviously higher than that in the female antennae. Moreover, PxylCSP18 has a relatively broad binding spectrum. Fluorescence competitive binding assays showed that PxylCSP18 had strong binding abilities with 14 plant volatiles (Ki < 10 μM) that were repellent or attractive to P. xylostella. Notably, PxylCSP18 had no significant binding affinity to (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl alcolol, which are the pheromone components of P. xylostella. The attractive effects of trans-2-hexen-1-ol and isopropyl isothiocyanate to male adults and the attractive effects of isopropyl isothiocyanate and the repellent effects of linalool to female adults were significantly decreased after knocked down the expression of PxylCSP18. Our results revealed that PxylCSP18 might play an important role in host plant detection, avoidance of unsuitable hosts, and selection of oviposition sites; however, it does not participate in mating behavior. Overall, these results extended our knowledge on the CSP-related functions, which provided insightful information about CSP-targeted insecticides.