Variable effects of exposure to ionic silver in wound-associated bacterial pathogens

Author:

Binsuwaidan Reem12,Almuzaini Osama13,Mercer Steven1,Doherty Christopher1,Mokhtar Jawahir14,McBain Andrew J1ORCID,Ledder Ruth1,Humphreys Gavin J1

Affiliation:

1. Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester , Stopford Building, M13 9PT , United Kingdom

2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University , Riyadh 13412 , Saudi Arabia

3. Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University , Al-Kharj 16278 , Saudi Arabia

4. Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Abstract Silver compounds are used in wound dressings to reduce bioburden. Where infection is not rapidly resolved, bacteria may be exposed to sub-therapeutic concentrations of antimicrobials over prolonged periods of time. In this study, a panel of chronic wound bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two strains), Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, were exposed to silver nitrate on agar. Phenotypic characterization was achieved using broth microdilution sensitivity testing, a crystal violet biofilm assay, and a wax moth pathogenesis model. Repeated exposure to ionic silver did not result in planktonic phenotypic silver resistance in any of the test panels, although S. aureus demonstrated reversible increases in minimum bactericidal concentration. An ulcer-derived P. aeruginosa exhibited marked reductions in biofilm eradication concentration as well as significantly increased biofilm formation and wax moth killing when compared to the same progenitor. These changes were reversible, trending towards baseline measurements following 10 passages on silver-free media. Changes in virulence and biofilm formation in the other test bacteria were generally limited. In summary, phenotypic adaptation following exposure to ionic silver was manifested other than through changes in planktonic susceptibility. Significant changes in pseudomonas biofilm formation and sensitivity could have implications for wound care regimes and therefore warrant further investigation.

Funder

Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University

Publisher

Oxford University Press (OUP)

Reference46 articles.

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