Pseudomonas otitidis-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: characterization, antimicrobial and antibiofilm potential

Abstract

Abstract This study explores the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using soil bacteria, Pseudomonas otitidis. The bio-synthesized AgNPs were characterized using various techniques, including UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). UV–visible spectroscopy revealed a distinct broad absorption band in the range of 443 nm, indicating the reduction of silver nitrate to AgNPs. XRD analysis provided evidence of the crystalline nature of the particles, with sharp peaks confirming their crystallinity and an average size of 82.76 nm. FTIR spectroscopy identified extracellular protein compounds as capping agents. SEM examination revealed spherical agglomeration of the crystalline AgNPs. The antimicrobial assay by a disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration testing revealed that the biosynthesized AgNPs showed moderate antibacterial activity against both pathogenic Gram-negative (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii) and Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans) bacterial strains. Furthermore, the AgNPs significantly disrupted the biofilm of P. aeruginosa, as confirmed by crystal violet assay and fluorescent microscopy. Overall, this study underscores the potential of microbial-synthesized nanoparticles in biomedical applications, particularly in combating pathogenic bacteria, offering a promising avenue for future research and development.