Multipoint high-fidelity CFD-based aerodynamic shape optimization of a 10 MW wind turbine
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Published:2019-04-03
Issue:2
Volume:4
Page:163-192
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ISSN:2366-7451
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Container-title:Wind Energy Science
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Wind Energ. Sci.
Author:
Madsen Mads H. Aa., Zahle Frederik, Sørensen Niels N., Martins Joaquim R. R. A.ORCID
Abstract
Abstract. The wind energy industry relies heavily on computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
to analyze new turbine designs. To utilize CFD earlier in the design
process, where lower-fidelity methods such as blade element momentum (BEM)
are more common, requires the development of new tools. Tools that utilize
numerical optimization are particularly valuable because they reduce the
reliance on design by trial and error. We present the first comprehensive 3-D
CFD adjoint-based shape optimization of a modern 10 MW offshore wind
turbine. The optimization problem is aligned with a case study from
International Energy Agency (IEA) Wind Task 37, making it possible to compare
our findings with the BEM results from this case study and therefore allowing
us to determine the value of design optimization based on high-fidelity
models. The comparison shows that the overall design trends suggested by the
two models do agree, and that it is particularly valuable to consult the
high-fidelity model in areas such as root and tip where BEM is inaccurate. In
addition, we compare two different CFD solvers to quantify the effect of
modeling compressibility and to estimate the accuracy of the chosen grid
resolution and order of convergence of the solver. Meshes up to 14×106 cells are used in the optimization whereby flow details are resolved.
The present work shows that it is now possible to successfully optimize
modern wind turbines aerodynamically under normal operating conditions using
Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models. The key benefit of a 3-D RANS
approach is that it is possible to optimize the blade planform and
cross-sectional shape simultaneously, thus tailoring the shape to the actual
3-D flow over the rotor. This work does not address evaluation of extreme
loads used for structural sizing, where BEM-based methods have proven very
accurate, and therefore will likely remain the method of choice.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
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