Abstract
Abstract. Watershed studies are essential for erosion research
because they embed real agricultural practices, heterogeneity along the flow
path, and realistic field sizes and layouts. An extensive literature review
covering publications from 1970 to 2018 identified a prominent lack of
studies, which (i) observed watersheds that are small enough to address
runoff and soil delivery of individual land uses, (ii) were considerably
smaller than erosive rain cells (<400 ha), (iii) accounted for the
episodic nature of erosive rainfall and soil conditions by sufficiently long
monitoring time series, (iv) accounted for the topographic, pedological,
agricultural and meteorological variability by measuring at high spatial and
temporal resolution, (v) combined many watersheds to allow comparisons, and
(vi) were made available. Here we provide such a dataset comprising 8 years of comprehensive soil erosion monitoring (e.g. agricultural
management, rainfall, runoff, sediment delivery). The dataset covers 14
adjoining and partly nested watersheds (sizes 0.8 to 13.7 ha), which were
cultivated following integrated (four crops) and organic farming (seven
crops and grassland) practices. Drivers of soil loss and runoff in all
watersheds were determined with high spatial and temporal detail (e.g., soil
properties are available for 156 m2 blocks, rain data with
1 min resolution, agricultural practices and soil cover with daily
resolution). The long-term runoff and especially the sediment delivery data
underline the dynamic and episodic nature of associated processes,
controlled by highly dynamic spatial and temporal field conditions (soil
properties, management, vegetation cover). On average, the largest 10 % of
events lead to 85.4 % sediment delivery for all monitored watersheds. The
analysis of the Scheyern dataset clearly demonstrates the distinct need for
long-term monitoring in runoff and erosion studies.
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