A monitoring system for spatiotemporal electrical self-potential measurements in cryospheric environments
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Published:2020-08-05
Issue:2
Volume:9
Page:317-336
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ISSN:2193-0864
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Container-title:Geoscientific Instrumentation, Methods and Data Systems
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.
Author:
Weigand MaximilianORCID, Wagner Florian M.ORCID, Limbrock Jonas K.ORCID, Hilbich Christin, Hauck Christian, Kemna Andreas
Abstract
Abstract. Climate-induced warming increasingly leads to degradation of high-alpine
permafrost.
In order to develop early warning systems for imminent slope destabilization,
knowledge about hydrological flow processes in the subsurface is urgently
needed.
Due to the fast dynamics associated with slope failures, non- or minimally
invasive methods are required for inexpensive and timely characterization and
monitoring of potential failure sites to allow in-time responses.
These requirements can potentially be met by geophysical methods usually
applied in near-surface geophysical settings, such as electrical resistivity
tomography (ERT), ground-penetrating radar (GPR), various seismic methods, and
self-potential (SP) measurements.
While ERT and GPR have their primary uses in detecting lithological subsurface
structure and liquid water/ice content variations, SP measurements are
sensitive to active water flow in the subsurface.
Combined, these methods provide huge potential to monitor the dynamic
hydrological evolution of permafrost systems.
However, while conceptually simple, the technical application of the SP method
in high-alpine mountain regions is challenging, especially if spatially
resolved information is required.
We here report on the design, construction, and testing phase of a
multi-electrode SP measurement system aimed at characterizing surface
runoff and meltwater flow on the Schilthorn, Bernese Alps,
Switzerland.
Design requirements for a year-round measurement system are discussed; the
hardware and software of the constructed system, as well as test measurements
are presented, including detailed quality-assessment studies.
On-site noise measurements and one laboratory experiment on freezing and
thawing characteristics of the SP electrodes provide supporting information.
It was found that a detailed quality assessment of the measured data is
important for such challenging field site operations, requiring adapted
measurement schemes to allow for the extraction of robust data in light of an
environment highly contaminated by anthropogenic and natural noise components.
Finally, possible short- and long-term improvements to the system are discussed
and recommendations for future installations are developed.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science,Geology,Oceanography
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