Towards a more complete quantification of the global carbon cycle
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Published:2019-02-14
Issue:3
Volume:16
Page:831-846
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ISSN:1726-4189
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Container-title:Biogeosciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Biogeosciences
Author:
Kirschbaum Miko U. F.ORCID, Zeng GuangORCID, Ximenes Fabiano, Giltrap Donna L., Zeldis John R.
Abstract
Abstract. The main
components of global carbon budget calculations are the emissions from
burning fossil fuels, cement production, and net land-use change, partly
balanced by ocean CO2 uptake and CO2 increase in the
atmosphere. The difference between these terms is referred to as the residual
sink, assumed to correspond to increasing carbon storage in the terrestrial
biosphere through physiological plant responses to changing conditions
(ΔBphys). It is often used to constrain carbon
exchange in global earth-system models. More broadly, it guides expectations
of autonomous changes in global carbon stocks in response to climatic
changes, including increasing CO2, that may add to, or subtract
from, anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, a budget with only these terms omits some important additional fluxes that are
needed to correctly infer ΔBphys. They are cement carbonation and
fluxes into increasing pools of plastic, bitumen, harvested-wood products, and landfill
deposition after disposal of these products, and carbon fluxes to the oceans via wind
erosion and non-CO2 fluxes of the intermediate breakdown products of methane
and other volatile organic compounds. While the global budget includes river transport of
dissolved inorganic carbon, it omits river transport of dissolved and particulate organic
carbon, and the deposition of carbon in inland water bodies. Each one of these terms is relatively small, but together they can constitute important
additional fluxes that would significantly reduce the size of the inferred ΔBphys. We estimate here that inclusion of these fluxes would reduce ΔBphys from the currently reported 3.6 GtC yr−1 down to about 2.1 GtC yr−1
(excluding losses from land-use change). The implicit reduction in the size of
ΔBphys has important implications for the inferred magnitude of
current-day biospheric net carbon uptake and the consequent potential of future
biospheric feedbacks to amplify or negate net anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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