Coarse particulate matter air quality in East Asia: implications for fine particulate nitrate
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Published:2023-04-12
Issue:7
Volume:23
Page:4271-4281
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Zhai ShixianORCID, Jacob Daniel J., Pendergrass Drew C.ORCID, Colombi Nadia K., Shah Viral, Yang Laura HyesungORCID, Zhang Qiang, Wang ShuxiaoORCID, Kim HwajinORCID, Sun YeleORCID, Choi Jin-Soo, Park Jin-Soo, Luo GanORCID, Yu FangqunORCID, Woo Jung-HunORCID, Kim YounhaORCID, Dibb Jack E., Lee Taehyoung, Han Jin-Seok, Anderson Bruce E., Li KeORCID, Liao Hong
Abstract
Abstract. Air quality network data in China and South Korea show very high year-round mass concentrations of coarse particulate matter (PM), as inferred by the difference between PM10 and PM2.5. Coarse PM concentrations in 2015 averaged 52 µg m−3 in the North China Plain (NCP) and 23 µg m−3 in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), contributing nearly half of PM10. Strong daily correlations between
coarse PM and carbon monoxide imply a dominant source from anthropogenic
fugitive dust. Coarse PM concentrations in the NCP and the SMA decreased by
21 % from 2015 to 2019 and further dropped abruptly in 2020 due to COVID-19 reductions in construction and vehicle traffic. Anthropogenic
coarse PM is generally not included in air quality models but scavenges
nitric acid to suppress the formation of fine particulate nitrate, a major
contributor to PM2.5 pollution. GEOS-Chem model simulation of surface
and aircraft observations from the Korea–United States Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) campaign over the SMA in
May–June 2016 shows that consideration of anthropogenic coarse PM largely
resolves the previous model overestimate of fine particulate nitrate. The
effect is smaller in the NCP which has a larger excess of ammonia. Model
sensitivity simulations for 2015–2019 show that decreasing anthropogenic
coarse PM directly increases PM2.5 nitrate in summer, offsetting 80 % the effect of nitrogen oxide and ammonia emission controls, while in winter the presence of coarse PM increases the sensitivity of PM2.5 nitrate to ammonia and sulfur dioxide emissions. Decreasing coarse PM helps to explain the lack of decrease in wintertime PM2.5 nitrate observed in the NCP and the SMA over the 2015–2021 period despite decreases in nitrogen oxide and ammonia emissions. Continuing decrease of fugitive dust pollution means that more stringent nitrogen oxide and ammonia emission controls will be required to successfully decrease PM2.5 nitrate.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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