Benefits and challenges of dynamic sea ice for weather forecasts
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Published:2022-07-08
Issue:3
Volume:3
Page:713-731
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ISSN:2698-4016
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Container-title:Weather and Climate Dynamics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Weather Clim. Dynam.
Author:
Day Jonathan J., Keeley SarahORCID, Arduini Gabriele, Magnusson LinusORCID, Mogensen Kristian, Rodwell Mark, Sandu Irina, Tietsche SteffenORCID
Abstract
Abstract. The drive to develop environmental prediction systems that are seamless across both weather and climate timescales has culminated in the development
and use of Earth system models, which include a coupled representation of the atmosphere, land, ocean and sea ice, for medium-range weather forecasts. One region where such a coupled Earth
system approach has the potential to significantly influence the skill of weather forecasts is in the polar and sub-polar seas, where fluxes of
heat, moisture and momentum are strongly influenced by the position of the sea ice edge. In this study we demonstrate that using a dynamically
coupled ocean and sea ice model in the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System results in improved sea ice edge position forecasts in the Northern
Hemisphere in the medium range. Further, this improves forecasts of boundary layer temperature and humidity downstream of the sea ice edge in some
regions during periods of rapid change in the sea ice, compared to forecasts in which the sea surface temperature anomalies and sea ice
concentration do not evolve throughout the forecasts. However, challenges remain, such as large errors in the position of the ice edge in the ocean
analysis used to initialise the ocean component of the coupled system, which has an error of approximately 50 % of the total forecast error at
day 9, suggesting there is much skill to be gained by improving the ocean analysis at and around the sea ice edge. The importance of the choice of
sea ice analysis for verification is also highlighted, with a call for more guidance on the suitability of satellite sea ice products to verify
forecasts on daily to weekly timescales and on meso-scales (< 500 km).
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
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