Two decades of flask observations of atmospheric <i>δ</i>(O<sub>2</sub>∕N<sub>2</sub>), CO<sub>2</sub>, and APO at stations Lutjewad (the Netherlands) and Mace Head (Ireland), and 3 years from Halley station (Antarctica)
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Published:2022-03-02
Issue:2
Volume:14
Page:991-1014
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ISSN:1866-3516
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Container-title:Earth System Science Data
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Earth Syst. Sci. Data
Author:
Nguyen Linh N. T.ORCID, Meijer Harro A. J., van Leeuwen Charlotte, Kers Bert A. M., Scheeren Hubertus A., Jones Anna E.ORCID, Brough Neil, Barningham Thomas, Pickers Penelope A., Manning Andrew C.ORCID, Luijkx Ingrid T.ORCID
Abstract
Abstract. We present 20-year flask sample records of atmospheric CO2,
δ(O2/N2), and atmospheric potential oxygen (APO) from the
stations Lutjewad (the Netherlands) and Mace Head (Ireland), and a 3-year
record from Halley station (Antarctica). We include details of our
calibration procedures and the stability of our calibration scale over time,
which we estimate to be 3 per meg over the 11 years of calibration, and our
compatibility with the international Scripps O2 scale. The measurement
records from Lutjewad and Mace Head show similar long-term trends during the
period 2002–2018 of 2.31 ± 0.07 ppm yr−1 for CO2 and −21.2 ± 0.8 per meg yr−1 for δ(O2/N2) at Lutjewad,
and 2.22 ± 0.04 ppm yr−1 for CO2 and −21.3 ± 0.9 per meg yr−1 for δ(O2/N2) at Mace Head. They also show a
similar δ(O2/N2) seasonal cycle with an amplitude of 54 ± 4 per meg at Lutjewad and 61 ± 5 per meg at Mace Head, while
the CO2 seasonal amplitude at Lutjewad (16.8 ± 0.5 ppm) is
slightly higher than that at Mace Head (14.8 ± 0.3 ppm). We show that
the observed long-term trends and seasonal cycles are in good agreement with
the measurements from various other stations, especially the measurements
from the Weybourne Atmospheric Observatory (United Kingdom). However, there are
remarkable differences in the progression of annual trends between the Mace
Head and Lutjewad records for δ(O2/N2) and APO, which
might in part be caused by sampling differences, but also by environmental
effects, such as North Atlantic Ocean oxygen ventilation changes to which
Mace Head is more sensitive. The Halley record shows clear trends and
seasonality in δ(O2/N2) and APO, the latter agreeing especially well with continuous measurements at the same location made by the
University of East Anglia (UEA), while CO2 and δ(O2/N2)
present slight disagreements, most likely caused by small leakages during
sampling. From our 2002–2018 records, we find a good agreement with
Global Carbon Budget 2021 (Friedlingstein et al. (2021) for the global ocean carbon sink: 2.1 ± 0.8 PgC yr−1, based on the Lutjewad record. The data presented in this work are
available at https://doi.org/10.18160/qq7d-t060 (Nguyen et al.,
2021).
Funder
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Natural Environment Research Council National Centre for Atmospheric Science
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
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