Monitoring the ocean heat content change and the Earth energy imbalance from space altimetry and space gravimetry
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Published:2022-01-26
Issue:1
Volume:14
Page:229-249
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ISSN:1866-3516
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Container-title:Earth System Science Data
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Earth Syst. Sci. Data
Author:
Marti FlorenceORCID, Blazquez AlejandroORCID, Meyssignac BenoitORCID, Ablain MichaëlORCID, Barnoud AnneORCID, Fraudeau RobinORCID, Jugier Rémi, Chenal Jonathan, Larnicol Gilles, Pfeffer Julia, Restano Marco, Benveniste JérômeORCID
Abstract
Abstract. The Earth energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of the
atmosphere is responsible for the accumulation of heat in the climate
system. Monitoring the EEI is therefore necessary to better understand the
Earth's warming climate. Measuring the EEI is challenging as it is a
globally integrated variable whose variations are small (0.5–1 W m−2)
compared to the amount of energy entering and leaving the climate system
(∼340 W m−2). Since the ocean absorbs more than 90 %
of the excess energy stored by the Earth system, estimating the ocean heat
content (OHC) change provides an accurate proxy of the EEI. This study
provides a space geodetic estimation of the OHC changes at global and
regional scales based on the combination of space altimetry and space
gravimetry measurements. From this estimate, the global variations in the
EEI are derived with realistic estimates of its uncertainty. The mean EEI
value is estimated at +0.74±0.22 W m−2 (90 % confidence
level) between August 2002 and August 2016. Comparisons against estimates
based on Argo data and on CERES measurements show good agreement within the
error bars of the global mean and the time variations in EEI. Further
improvements are needed to reduce uncertainties and to improve the time
series, especially at interannual timescales. The space geodetic OHC-EEI
product (version 2.1) is freely available at
https://doi.org/10.24400/527896/a01-2020.003 (Magellium/LEGOS, 2020).
Funder
European Space Agency Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales H2020 European Research Council
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
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