Ozone and temperature decadal solar-cycle responses, and their relation to diurnal variations in the stratosphere, mesosphere, and lower thermosphere, based on measurements from SABER on TIMED
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Published:2019-07-02
Issue:4
Volume:37
Page:471-485
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ISSN:1432-0576
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Container-title:Annales Geophysicae
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Ann. Geophys.
Author:
Huang Frank T.,Mayr Hans G.
Abstract
Abstract. There is evidence that the ozone and temperature
responses to the solar cycle of ∼11 years depend on the local
times of measurements. Here we present relevant results based on SABER data
over a full diurnal cycle, which were not previously available. In this area, almost
all satellite data used are measured at only one or two fixed local times, which
can differ among various satellites. Consequently, estimates of
responses can be different depending on the specific data set. Furthermore, over
years, due to orbital drift, the local times of the measurements of some
satellites have also drifted. In contrast, SABER makes measurements at
various local times, providing the opportunity to estimate diurnal
variations over 24 h. We can then also estimate responses to the solar
cycle over both a diurnal cycle and at the fixed local times of specific
satellite data for comparison. Responses derived in this study, based on
zonal means of SABER measurements, agree favorably with previous studies
based on data from the HALOE instrument, which only measured data at sunrise
and sunset, thereby supporting the analysis of both studies. We find that
for ozone above ∼40 km, zonal means reflecting specific local
times (e.g., 6, 12, 18, 24 LST – local solar time) lead to different values of responses, and
to different responses based on zonal means that are also averages over the
24 h local time period, as in 3-D models. For temperature, the effects of diurnal variations on the responses are not negligible even at ∼30 km
and above. We also considered the consequences of local time variations
due to orbital drifts of certain operational satellites, and, for both ozone
and temperature, their effects can be significant above ∼30 km. Previous studies based on other satellite data do not describe the
treatment, if any, of local times. Some studies also analyzed data merged
from different sources, with measurements made at different local times.
Generally, the results of these studies do not agree very well among
themselves. Although responses are a function of diurnal variations, this is
not to say that they are the major reason for the differences, as there are
likely other data-related issues. The effects due to satellite orbital drift
may explain some unexpected variations in the responses, especially above 40 km.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Space and Planetary Science,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous),Atmospheric Science,Geology,Astronomy and Astrophysics
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