Measurement of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> column concentrations to cloud tops with a pulsed multi-wavelength airborne lidar
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Published:2018-01-10
Issue:1
Volume:11
Page:127-140
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ISSN:1867-8548
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Container-title:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Meas. Tech.
Author:
Mao Jianping, Ramanathan AnandORCID, Abshire James B., Kawa Stephan R., Riris Haris, Allan Graham R., Rodriguez Michael, Hasselbrack William E., Sun XiaoliORCID, Numata Kenji, Chen Jeff, Choi YonghoonORCID, Yang Mei Ying Melissa
Abstract
Abstract. We have measured the column-averaged atmospheric CO2 mixing ratio to a
variety of cloud tops by using an airborne pulsed multi-wavelength
integrated-path differential absorption (IPDA) lidar. Airborne measurements
were made at altitudes up to 13 km during the 2011, 2013 and 2014 NASA Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days,
and Seasons (ASCENDS) science campaigns flown in the United States West and Midwest and were
compared to those from an in situ sensor. Analysis of the lidar backscatter
profiles shows the average cloud top reflectance was ∼ 5 % for the
CO2 measurement at 1572.335 nm except to cirrus clouds, which had lower
reflectance. The energies for 1 µs wide laser pulses reflected
from cloud tops were sufficient to allow clear identification of CO2
absorption line shape and then to allow retrievals of atmospheric column
CO2 from the aircraft to cloud tops more than 90 % of the time.
Retrievals from the CO2 measurements to cloud tops had minimal bias but
larger standard deviations when compared to those made to the ground,
depending on cloud top roughness and reflectance. The measurements show this
new capability helps resolve CO2 horizontal and vertical gradients in
the atmosphere. When used with nearby full-column measurements to ground, the
CO2 measurements to cloud tops can be used to estimate the
partial-column CO2 concentration below clouds, which should lead to better
estimates of surface carbon sources and sinks. This additional capability of
the range-resolved CO2 IPDA lidar technique provides a new benefit for
studying the carbon cycle in future airborne and space-based CO2
missions.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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