Abstract
Abstract. Lake models are increasingly being incorporated into global and
regional climate and numerical weather prediction systems. Lakes interact
with their surroundings through flux exchange at their bottom sediments and
with the atmosphere at the surface, and these linkages must be well
represented in fully coupled prognostic systems in order to completely
elucidate the role of lakes in the climate system. In this study schemes for
the inclusion of wind sheltering and sediment heat flux simple enough to be
included in any 1-D lake model are presented. Example
simulations with the Canadian Small Lake Model show improvements in surface-wind-driven mixing and temperature in summer and a reduction of the bias in
the change in heat content under ice compared with a published simulation
based on an earlier version of the model.
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