The Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE – Part 2: Extensions to the source dispersion and photochemistry for EPISODE–CityChem v1.2 and its application to the city of Hamburg
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Published:2019-08-01
Issue:8
Volume:12
Page:3357-3399
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ISSN:1991-9603
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Container-title:Geoscientific Model Development
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Geosci. Model Dev.
Author:
Karl MatthiasORCID, Walker Sam-Erik, Solberg Sverre, Ramacher Martin O. P.ORCID
Abstract
Abstract. This paper describes the CityChem extension of the Eulerian urban dispersion model EPISODE.
The development of the CityChem extension was driven by the need to apply the model in
largely populated urban areas with highly complex pollution sources of particulate matter
and various gaseous pollutants.
The CityChem extension offers a more advanced treatment of the photochemistry in urban areas and
entails specific developments within the sub-grid components for a more accurate
representation of dispersion in proximity to urban emission sources.
Photochemistry on the Eulerian grid is computed using a numerical chemistry solver. Photochemistry in the sub-grid components is solved with a compact reaction scheme,
replacing the photo-stationary-state assumption.
The simplified street canyon
model (SSCM) is used in the line source sub-grid model to calculate pollutant dispersion
in street canyons.
The WMPP (WORM Meteorological Pre-Processor) is used in the point source sub-grid model
to calculate the wind speed at plume height.
The EPISODE–CityChem model integrates the CityChem extension in EPISODE, with the
capability of simulating the photochemistry and dispersion of multiple reactive pollutants
within urban areas.
The main focus of the model is the simulation of the complex atmospheric
chemistry involved in the photochemical production of ozone in urban areas.
The ability of EPISODE–CityChem to reproduce the temporal variation of major
regulated pollutants at air quality monitoring stations in Hamburg, Germany, was
compared to that of the standard EPISODE model and the TAPM (The Air Pollution Model) air quality model using
identical meteorological fields and emissions. EPISODE–CityChem performs better
than EPISODE and TAPM for the prediction of hourly NO2 concentrations at the traffic
stations, which is attributable to the street canyon model.
Observed levels of annual mean ozone at the five urban background stations in Hamburg
are captured by the model within ±15 %.
A performance analysis with
the FAIRMODE DELTA tool for air quality in Hamburg showed that EPISODE–CityChem fulfils the
model performance objectives for NO2 (hourly), O3
(daily max. of the 8 h running mean) and PM10 (daily mean) set forth in
the Air Quality Directive, qualifying the model for use in policy applications.
Envisaged applications of the
EPISODE–CityChem model are urban air quality studies, emission control scenarios in
relation to traffic restrictions and the source attribution of sector-specific emissions
to observed levels of air pollutants at urban monitoring stations.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
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