Marine heatwaves in the Arabian Sea
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Published:2022-05-10
Issue:3
Volume:18
Page:639-657
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ISSN:1812-0792
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Container-title:Ocean Science
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Ocean Sci.
Author:
Chatterjee AbhisekORCID, Anil Gouri, Shenoy Lakshmi R.
Abstract
Abstract. Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged warm sea condition events
that can have a destructive impact on marine ecosystems. The documentation
of MHWs and assessment of their impacts is largely confined to a few
regional seas or to global mean studies. The north Indian Ocean received
almost no attention in this regard despite the fact that this ocean basin,
particularly the Arabian Sea, has been warming at the most rapid pace among the
other tropical basins in recent decades. This study shows the
characteristics of MHW events for the Arabian Sea during 1982–2019. Our
analysis shows that the duration (frequency) of MHWs exhibits a rapidly
increasing trend of ∼20 d per decade (1.5–2 events per decade) in
the northern Arabian Sea and the southeastern Arabian Sea close to the west
coast of India, which is a multifold increase in MHW days (frequency)
from the 80s. Notably, since the beginning of the satellite record, the
years 2010 and 2016 have exhibited the maximum number of heatwave days when more
than 75 % of days of the pre-monsoon and summer monsoon season experience
heatwaves. The accelerated trend of the heatwave days is found to be driven
by the rapid rise in the mean sea surface temperature (SST) of the Arabian Sea in the recent decade.
Moreover, longer heatwave days are also associated with dominant climate
modes. Among them, the Indian Ocean Basin Mode via the decaying phase of El Niño is the most influential mode contributing to more than 70 %–80 %
of observed heatwave days in this basin. Further analysis of the most
prolonged observed heatwave during April–June 2010 indicates that surface
heat flux associated with the weaker latent heat loss and the shallow mixed
layer was the primary cause of this event. Further, we note that the
pre-monsoon cyclonic storms in the Arabian Sea often contribute to the
waning of such heatwaves in the basin.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Cell Biology,Developmental Biology,Embryology,Anatomy
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