Modeling volcanic ash aggregation processes and related impacts on the April–May 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull volcano with WRF-Chem
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Published:2020-10-17
Issue:10
Volume:20
Page:2721-2737
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ISSN:1684-9981
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Container-title:Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
Author:
Egan Sean D.,Stuefer Martin,Webley Peter W.,Lopez Taryn,Cahill Catherine F.,Hirtl Marcus
Abstract
Abstract. Volcanic eruptions eject ash and gases into the atmosphere that can contribute to significant hazards to aviation, public and environment health, and the economy. Several volcanic ash transport and dispersion (VATD) models are in use to simulate volcanic ash transport operationally, but none include a treatment of volcanic ash aggregation
processes. Volcanic ash aggregation can greatly reduce the atmospheric
budget, dispersion and lifetime of ash particles, and therefore its impacts. To enhance our understanding and modeling capabilities of the ash
aggregation process, a volcanic ash aggregation scheme was integrated into
the Weather Research Forecasting with online Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model.
Aggregation rates and ash mass loss in this modified code are calculated
in line with the meteorological conditions, providing a fully coupled
treatment of aggregation processes. The updated-model results were compared
to field measurements of tephra fallout and in situ airborne measurements of ash particles from the April–May 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull
volcano, Iceland. WRF-Chem, coupled with the newly added aggregation code,
modeled ash clouds that agreed spatially and temporally with these in situ
and field measurements. A sensitivity study provided insights into the
mechanics of the aggregation code by analyzing each aggregation process
(collision kernel) independently, as well as by varying the fractal
dimension of the newly formed aggregates. In addition, the airborne lifetime (e-folding) of total domain ash mass was analyzed for a range of fractal dimensions, and a maximum reduction of 79.5 % of the airborne ash lifetime was noted.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
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