Importance of multiple sources of iron for the upper-ocean biogeochemistry over the northern Indian Ocean
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Published:2023-07-06
Issue:13
Volume:20
Page:2613-2643
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ISSN:1726-4189
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Container-title:Biogeosciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Biogeosciences
Author:
Banerjee Priyanka
Abstract
Abstract. Although the northern Indian Ocean (IO) is globally one of the most productive regions and receives dissolved iron (DFe) from multiple
sources, there is no comprehensive understanding of how these different sources of DFe can impact upper-ocean biogeochemical dynamics. Using
an Earth system model with an ocean biogeochemistry component, this study shows that atmospheric deposition is the most important source of
DFe to the upper 100 m of the northern IO, contributing more than 50 % of the annual DFe concentration. Sedimentary
sources are locally important in the vicinity of the continental shelves and over the southern tropical IO, away from high atmospheric
depositions. While atmospheric depositions contribute more than 10 % (35 %) to 0–100 m (surface-level) chlorophyll
concentrations over large parts of the northern IO, sedimentary sources have a similar contribution to chlorophyll concentrations over the southern
tropical IO. Such increases in chlorophyll are primarily driven by an increase in diatom population over most of the northern IO. The regions that
are susceptible to chlorophyll enhancement following external DFe additions are where low levels of background DFe and high background
nitrate-to-iron values are observed. Analysis of the DFe budget over selected biophysical regimes over the northern IO points to vertical mixing
as the most important mechanism for DFe supply, while the importance of advection (horizontal and vertical) varies seasonally. Apart from
removal of surface DFe by phytoplankton uptake, the subsurface balance between DFe scavenging and regeneration is crucial in replenishing the
DFe pool to be made available to the surface layer by physical processes.
Funder
Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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