Source attribution of Arctic black carbon and sulfate aerosols and associated Arctic surface warming during 1980–2018
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Published:2020-07-30
Issue:14
Volume:20
Page:9067-9085
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Ren Lili, Yang YangORCID, Wang Hailong, Zhang Rudong, Wang Pinya, Liao Hong
Abstract
Abstract. Observations show that the concentrations of Arctic sulfate and black carbon
(BC) aerosols have declined since the early 1980s. Previous studies have
reported that reducing sulfate aerosols potentially contributed to the
recent rapid Arctic warming. In this study, a global aerosol–climate model (Community Atmosphere
Model, version 5) equipped with Explicit Aerosol Source Tagging (CAM5-EAST) is applied to
quantify the source apportionment of aerosols in the Arctic from 16
source regions and the role of aerosol variations in affecting changes in
the Arctic surface temperature from 1980 to 2018. The CAM5-EAST simulated
surface concentrations of sulfate and BC in the Arctic had a decrease of
43 % and 23 %, respectively, in 2014–2018 relative to 1980–1984
mainly due to the reduction of emissions from Europe, Russia and local Arctic sources. Increases in emissions from South and East Asia led to
positive trends in Arctic sulfate and BC in the upper troposphere. All
aerosol radiative impacts are considered including aerosol–radiation and
aerosol–cloud interactions, as well as black carbon deposition on snow- and
ice-covered surfaces. Within the Arctic, sulfate reductions caused a
top-of-atmosphere (TOA) warming of 0.11 and 0.25 W m−2
through aerosol–radiation and aerosol–cloud interactions, respectively.
While the changes in Arctic atmospheric BC has little impact on local
radiative forcing, the decrease in BC in snow and ice led to a net cooling of
0.05 W m−2. By applying climate sensitivity factors for different
latitudinal bands, global changes in sulfate and BC during 2014–2018 (with
respect to 1980–1984) exerted a +0.088 and 0.057 K Arctic surface
warming, respectively, through aerosol–radiation interactions. Through
aerosol–cloud interactions, the sulfate reduction caused an Arctic warming of
+0.193 K between the two time periods. The weakened BC effect on snow–ice
albedo led to an Arctic surface cooling of −0.041 K. The changes in
atmospheric sulfate and BC outside the Arctic produced a total Arctic
warming of +0.25 K, the majority of which is due to the midlatitude
changes in radiative forcing. Our results suggest that changes in aerosols
over the midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere have a larger impact on
Arctic temperature than other regions through enhanced poleward heat
transport. The combined total effects of sulfate and BC produced an Arctic
surface warming of +0.297 K, explaining approximately 20 % of the
observed Arctic warming since the early 1980s.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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