Characterisation and source identification of biofluorescent aerosol emissions over winter and summer periods in the United Kingdom
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Published:2019-02-08
Issue:3
Volume:19
Page:1665-1684
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Forde ElizabethORCID, Gallagher MartinORCID, Foot Virginia, Sarda-Esteve Roland, Crawford IanORCID, Kaye PaulORCID, Stanley Warren, Topping DavidORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) are an abundant subset of
atmospheric aerosol particles which comprise viruses, bacteria, fungal spores, pollen,
and fragments such as plant and animal debris. The abundance and diversity of these
particles remain poorly constrained, causing significant uncertainties for modelling
scenarios and for understanding the potential implications of these particles in
different environments. PBAP concentrations were studied at four different sites in the
United Kingdom (Weybourne, Davidstow, Capel Dewi, and Chilbolton) using an ultraviolet
light-induced fluorescence (UV-LIF) instrument, the Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol
Spectrometer (WIBS), versions 3 and 4. Using hierarchical agglomerative cluster (HAC) analysis, particles were statistically
discriminated. Fluorescent particles and clusters were then analysed by comparing to
laboratory data of known particle types, assessing their diurnal variation and examining
their relationship to the meteorological variables temperature, relative humidity, wind
speed, and wind direction. Using local land cover types, sources of the suspected
fluorescent particles and clusters were then identified. Most sites exhibited a wet discharged fungal spore dominance, with the
exception of one site, Davidstow, which had higher concentrations of
bacteria, suggested to result from the presence of a local dairy factory and
farm. Differences were identified as to the sources of wet discharged fungal
spores, with particles originating from arable and horticultural land at
Chilbolton, and improved grassland areas at Weybourne. Total fluorescent
particles at Capel Dewi were inferred to comprise two sources, with bacteria
originating from the broadleaf and coniferous woodland and wet discharged
fungal spores from nearby improved grassland areas, similar to Weybourne. The use of the HAC method and a higher fluorescence threshold (9 standard deviations
instead of 3) produced clusters which were
considered to be biological following the complete analysis. More published data and
information on the reaction of different speciated biological particle types to
fluctuations in meteorological conditions, such as relative humidity and temperature,
would aid particle type characterisation in studies such as this.
Funder
Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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