Modeling the aerosol chemical composition of the tropopause over the Tibetan Plateau during the Asian summer monsoon
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Published:2019-09-13
Issue:17
Volume:19
Page:11587-11612
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Ma JianzhongORCID, Brühl Christoph, He Qianshan, Steil Benedikt, Karydis Vlassis A., Klingmüller KlausORCID, Tost HolgerORCID, Chen Bin, Jin Yufang, Liu Ningwei, Xu Xiangde, Yan Peng, Zhou Xiuji, Abdelrahman Kamal, Pozzer AndreaORCID, Lelieveld JosORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Enhanced aerosol abundance in the upper troposphere and
lower stratosphere (UTLS) associated with the Asian summer monsoon (ASM) is
referred to as the Asian Tropopause Aerosol Layer (ATAL). The chemical
composition, microphysical properties, and climate effects of aerosols in the
ATAL have been the subject of discussion over the past decade. In this work,
we use the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) general circulation
model at a relatively fine grid resolution (about 1.1×1.1∘)
to numerically simulate the emissions, chemistry, and transport of aerosols
and their precursors in the UTLS within the ASM anticyclone during the years
2010–2012. We find a pronounced maximum of aerosol extinction in the UTLS
over the Tibetan Plateau, which to a large extent is caused by mineral dust
emitted from the northern Tibetan Plateau and slope areas, lofted to an
altitude of at least 10 km, and accumulating within the anticyclonic
circulation. We also find that the emissions and convection of ammonia in
the central main body of the Tibetan Plateau make a great contribution to
the enhancement of gas-phase NH3 in the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau
and ASM anticyclone region. Our simulations show that mineral dust, water-soluble compounds, such as nitrate and sulfate, and associated liquid water
dominate aerosol extinction in the UTLS within the ASM anticyclone. Due to
shielding of high background sulfate concentrations outside the anticyclone
from volcanoes, a relative minimum of aerosol extinction within the
anticyclone in the lower stratosphere is simulated, being most pronounced in
2011, when the Nabro eruption occurred. In contrast to mineral dust and
nitrate concentrations, sulfate increases with increasing altitude due to
the larger volcano effects in the lower stratosphere compared to the upper
troposphere. Our study indicates that the UTLS over the Tibetan Plateau can
act as a well-defined conduit for natural and anthropogenic gases and
aerosols into the stratosphere.
Funder
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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