Iron oxide inclusions and exsolution textures of rainbow lattice sunstone

Abstract

Abstract. Iron oxide inclusions and exsolution lamellae in rainbow lattice sunstone (RLS) from Harts Range, Australia, are examined using optical and electron microscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-MS) analyses show a bulk composition of An1.4Ab14.8Or83.0Cn0.8 with < 200 ppmw (parts per million weight) of Fe. Two stages of exsolution can be identified in RLS from the bimodal distribution in the size and shape of the exsolution lamellae. Micron-scaled Albite-twinned oligoclase spindles (An27Ab72Or1) first exsolved at ∼ 650 ∘C were followed by nanoscaled Pericline-twinned albite films (∼ Ab100) below 500 ∘C that create adularescence. The albite films inherited and preserved the monoclinic tetrahedral framework of the orthoclase matrix (An0.3Ab11.5Or87.3Cn0.9) as further ordering was completely inhibited by coherent-interface strain after exsolution. All the exsolution lamellae are pristine and strain-controlled with no signs of any deuteric or hydrothermal alteration, indicating the iron in the magnetite inclusions was not introduced by an external fluid. The magnetite inclusions nucleated around the same time as the exsolution of oligoclase spindles likely due to the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ in the feldspar lattice. Magnetite films following the specific crystallographic orientation relationship (COR) of {111}Mt∥{100}Or and 11‾0Mt∥001Or grew to extraordinarily large sizes due to the near perfect lattice match at the interface with the orthoclase host. Some thinner magnetite films were oxidized into hematite during weathering of the host rock. RLS reveals a new mechanism for the formation of the flaky hematite inclusions in feldspars, which may explain the enigmatic origin of aventurescence observed in many other sunstones and red-clouded feldspars.