Gradients of column CO<sub>2</sub> across North America from the NOAA Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network
-
Published:2017-12-21
Issue:24
Volume:17
Page:15151-15165
-
ISSN:1680-7324
-
Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Lan XinORCID, Tans Pieter, Sweeney ColmORCID, Andrews Arlyn, Jacobson Andrew, Crotwell Molly, Dlugokencky Edward, Kofler Jonathan, Lang Patricia, Thoning Kirk, Wolter Sonja
Abstract
Abstract. This study analyzes seasonal and spatial patterns of column carbon dioxide (CO2) over North America, calculated from aircraft and tall tower measurements from the NOAA Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network from 2004 to 2014. Consistent with expectations, gradients between the eight regions studied are larger below 2 km than above 5 km. The 11-year mean CO2 dry mole fraction (XCO2) in the column below ∼ 330 hPa ( ∼ 8 km above sea level) from NOAA's CO2 data assimilation model, CarbonTracker (CT2015), demonstrates good agreement with those calculated from calibrated measurements on aircraft and towers. Total column XCO2 was attained by combining modeled CO2 above 330 hPa from CT2015 with the measurements. We find large spatial gradients of total column XCO2 from June to August, with north and northeast regions having ∼ 3 ppm stronger summer drawdown (peak-to-valley amplitude in seasonal cycle) than the south and southwest regions. The long-term averaged spatial gradients of total column XCO2 across North America show a smooth pattern that mainly reflects the large-scale circulation. We have conducted a CarbonTracker experiment to investigate the impact of Eurasian long-range transport. The result suggests that the large summertime Eurasian boreal flux contributes about half of the north–south column XCO2 gradient across North America. Our results confirm that continental-scale total column XCO2 gradients simulated by CarbonTracker are realistic and can be used to evaluate the credibility of some spatial patterns from satellite retrievals, such as the long-term average of growing-season spatial patterns from satellite retrievals reported for Europe which show a larger spatial difference ( ∼ 6 ppm) and scattered hot spots.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
Reference53 articles.
1. Andrews, A. E., Kofler, J. D., Trudeau, M. E., Williams, J. C., Neff, D. H., Masarie, K. A., Chao, D. Y., Kitzis, D. R., Novelli, P. C., Zhao, C. L., Dlugokencky, E. J., Lang, P. M., Crotwell, M. J., Fischer, M. L., Parker, M. J., Lee, J. T., Baumann, D. D., Desai, A. R., Stanier, C. O., De Wekker, S. F. J., Wolfe, D. E., Munger, J. W., and Tans, P. P.: CO2, CO, and CH4 measurements from tall towers in the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory's Global Greenhouse Gas Reference Network: instrumentation, uncertainty analysis, and recommendations for future high-accuracy greenhouse gas monitoring efforts, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 647–687, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-647-2014, 2014. 2. Banta, R. M., Senff, C. J., Nielsen-Gammon, J., Darby, L. S., Ryerson, T. B., Alvarez, R. J., Sandberg, S. R., Williams, E. J., and Trainer, M.: A bad air day in Houston, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 86, 657–669, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-86-5-657, 2005. 3. Biraud, S. C., Torn, M. S., Smith, J. R., Sweeney, C., Riley, W. J., and Tans, P. P.: A multi-year record of airborne CO2 observations in the US Southern Great Plains, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 6, 751–763, https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-751-2013, 2013. 4. CarbonTracker Team: Simulated observations of atmospheric carbon dioxide from CarbonTracker release CT2015 (obspack_co2_1_CARBONTRACKER_CT2015_2016-03-12), including measured values from a multi-laboratory compilation of CO2 observations, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division, https://doi.org/10.15138/G3H59M, 2016. 5. Chevallier, F., Palmer, P. I., Feng, L., Boesch, H., O'Dell, C. W., and Bousquet, P.: Towards robust and consistent regional CO2 flux estimates from in situ and space-borne measurements of atmospheric CO2, Geophys. Res. Lett., 41, 1065–1070, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL058772, 2014.
Cited by
11 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|