Initial atmospheric conditions control transport of volcanic volatiles, forcing and impacts
-
Published:2024-05-28
Issue:10
Volume:24
Page:6233-6249
-
ISSN:1680-7324
-
Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Zhuo Zhihong, Fuglestvedt Herman F., Toohey MatthewORCID, Krüger KirstinORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Volcanic eruptions impact the climate and environment. The volcanic forcing is determined by eruption source parameters, including the mass and composition of volcanic volatiles, eruption season, eruption latitude, and injection altitude. Moreover, initial atmospheric conditions of the climate system play an important role in shaping the volcanic forcing and response. However, our understanding of the combination of these factors, the distinctions between tropical and extratropical volcanic eruptions, and the co-injection of sulfur and halogens remains limited. Here, we perform ensemble simulations of volcanic eruptions at 15 and 64° N in January, injecting 17 Mt of SO2 together with HCl and HBr at 24 km altitude. Our findings reveal that initial atmospheric conditions control the transport of volcanic volatiles from the first month and modulate the subsequent latitudinal distribution of sulfate aerosols and halogens. This results in different volcanic forcing, surface temperature and ozone responses over the globe and Northern Hemisphere extratropics (NHET) among the model ensemble members with different initial atmospheric conditions. NH extratropical eruptions exhibit a larger NHET mean volcanic forcing, surface cooling and ozone depletion compared with tropical eruptions. However, tropical eruptions lead to more prolonged impacts compared with NH extratropical eruptions, both globally and in the NHET. The sensitivity of volcanic forcing to varying eruption source parameters and model dependency is discussed, emphasizing the need for future multi-model studies to consider the influence of initial conditions and eruption source parameters on volcanic forcing and subsequent impacts.
Funder
SFI Offshore Mechatronics Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Reference70 articles.
1. Baldwin, M. P., Gray, L. J., Dunkerton, T. J., Hamilton, K., Haynes, P. H., Randel, W. J., Holton, J. R., Alexander, M. J., Hirota, I., Horinouchi, T., Jones, D. B. A., Kinnersley, J. S., Marquardt, C., Sato, K., and Takahashi, M.: The quasi-biennial oscillation, Rev. Geophys., 39, 179–229, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999RG000073, 2001. a, b 2. Bluth, G. J. S., Doiron, S. D., Schnetzler, C. C., Krueger, A. J., and Walter, L. S.: Global tracking of the SO2 clouds from the June, 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruptions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 151–154, https://doi.org/10.1029/91GL02792, 1992. a, b 3. Brenna, H., Kutterolf, S., and Kruger, K.: Global ozone depletion and increase of UV radiation caused by pre-industrial tropical volcanic eruptions, Sci. Rep., 9, 9435, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-45630-0, 2019. a, b, c 4. Brenna, H., Kutterolf, S., Mills, M. J., and Krüger, K.: The potential impacts of a sulfur- and halogen-rich supereruption such as Los Chocoyos on the atmosphere and climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 6521–6539, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6521-2020, 2020. a, b 5. Brenna, H., Kutterolf, S., Mills, M. J., Niemeier, U., Timmreck, C., and Krüger, K.: Decadal Disruption of the QBO by Tropical Volcanic Supereruptions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 48, e2020GL089687, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020gl089687, 2021. a
|
|