Electromagnetic oscillations of the Earth's upper atmosphere (review)

Abstract

Abstract. A complete theory of low-frequency MHD oscillations of the Earth's weakly ionized ionosphere is formulated. Peculiarities of excitation and propagation of electromagnetic acoustic-gravity, MHD and planetary waves are considered in the Earth's ionosphere. The general dispersion equation is derived for the magneto-acoustic, magneto-gravity and electromagnetic planetary waves in the ionospheric E- and F-regions. The action of the geomagnetic field on the propagation of acoustic-gravity waves is elucidated. The nature of the existence of the comparatively new large-scale electromagnetic planetary branches is emphasized.