Clustering of eruptive events from high-precision strain signals recorded during the 2020–2022 lava fountains at the Etna volcano (Italy)
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Published:2023-05-12
Issue:5
Volume:23
Page:1743-1754
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ISSN:1684-9981
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Container-title:Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.
Author:
Carleo LuigiORCID, Currenti GildaORCID, Bonaccorso AlessandroORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Lava fountains at the Etna volcano are spectacular eruptive events characterized by powerful jets that expel hot mixtures of solid particles and volcanic gases, easily reaching stratospheric heights. Ash dispersal and fallout of solid particles affect the inhabited areas, often causing hazards both to infrastructure and to air and vehicular traffic. We focus on the extraordinary intense and frequent eruptive activity at Etna in the period of December 2020–February 2022, when more than 60 lava fountain events occurred with various ejected magma volume and lava fountain height and
duration. Differences among the events are also imprinted in tiny ground
deformations caught by strain signals recorded concurrently with the lava
fountain events, reflecting a strict relationship with their evolution. To
characterize this variability, which denotes changes in the eruption style,
we clustered the lava fountain events using the k-means algorithm applied on the strain signal. A novel procedure was developed to ensure a high-quality clustering process and obtain robust results. The analysis identified four groups of strain variations which stand out for their amplitude, duration and time derivative of the signal. The temporal distribution of the clusters
highlighted a transition in different types of eruptions, thus revealing
the importance of clustering the strain variations for monitoring the
volcano activity and evaluating the associated hazards.
Funder
Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia Dipartimento della Protezione Civile, Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
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