The influence of snow on sea ice as assessed from simulations of CESM2
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Published:2021-10-28
Issue:10
Volume:15
Page:4981-4998
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ISSN:1994-0424
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Container-title:The Cryosphere
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language:en
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Short-container-title:The Cryosphere
Author:
Holland Marika M., Clemens-Sewall DavidORCID, Landrum LauraORCID, Light BonnieORCID, Perovich DonaldORCID, Polashenski Chris, Smith MadisonORCID, Webster Melinda
Abstract
Abstract. We assess the influence of snow on sea ice in experiments
using the Community Earth System Model version 2 for a preindustrial and a
2xCO2 climate state. In the preindustrial climate, we find that increasing
simulated snow accumulation on sea ice results in thicker sea ice and a
cooler climate in both hemispheres. The sea ice mass budget response differs
fundamentally between the two hemispheres. In the Arctic, increasing snow
results in a decrease in both congelation sea ice growth and surface sea ice
melt due to the snow's impact on conductive heat transfer and albedo,
respectively. These factors dominate in regions of perennial ice but have a
smaller influence in seasonal ice areas. Overall, the mass budget changes
lead to a reduced amplitude in the annual cycle of ice thickness. In the
Antarctic, with increasing snow, ice growth increases due to snow–ice
formation and is balanced by larger basal ice melt, which primarily occurs
in regions of seasonal ice. In a warmer 2xCO2 climate, the Arctic sea ice
sensitivity to snow depth is small and reduced relative to that of the
preindustrial climate. In contrast, in the Antarctic, the sensitivity to
snow on sea ice in the 2xCO2 climate is qualitatively similar to the
sensitivity in the preindustrial climate. These results underscore the
importance of accurately representing snow accumulation on sea ice in
coupled Earth system models due to its impact on a number of competing
processes and feedbacks that affect the melt and growth of sea ice.
Funder
National Science Foundation
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Water Science and Technology
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