The sensitivity of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation to volcanic aerosol spatial distribution in the MPI Grand Ensemble
-
Published:2021-09-17
Issue:3
Volume:12
Page:975-996
-
ISSN:2190-4987
-
Container-title:Earth System Dynamics
-
language:en
-
Short-container-title:Earth Syst. Dynam.
Author:
Ward Benjamin, Pausata Francesco S. R., Maher NicolaORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Using the Max Planck Institute Grand Ensemble (MPI-GE) with 200
members for the historical simulation (1850–2005), we investigate the impact
of the spatial distribution of volcanic aerosols on the El
Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) response. In
particular, we select three eruptions (El Chichón, Agung and Pinatubo) in
which the aerosol is respectively confined to the Northern Hemisphere, the
Southern Hemisphere or equally distributed across the Equator. Our results
show that relative ENSO anomalies start at the end of the year of the
eruption and peak in the following one. We especially found that when the
aerosol is located in the Northern Hemisphere or is symmetrically
distributed, relative El Niño-like anomalies develop, while aerosol
distribution confined to the Southern Hemisphere leads to a relative La
Niña-like anomaly. Our results point to the volcanically induced
displacement of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) as a key mechanism that drives the ENSO response,
while suggesting that the other mechanisms (the ocean dynamical thermostat and
the cooling of tropical northern Africa or the Maritime Continent)
commonly invoked to explain the post-eruption ENSO response may be less
important in our model.
Funder
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Fonds de recherche du Québec – Nature et technologies Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
Reference74 articles.
1. Adams, J. B., Mann, M. E., and Ammann, C. M.: Proxy evidence for an El
Niño-like response to volcanic forcing, Nature, 426, 274–278,
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02101, 2003. 2. Anchukaitis, K. J., Breitenmoser, P., Briffa, K. R., Buchwal, A.,
Büntgen, U., Cook, E. R., D'Arrigo, R. D., Esper, J., Evans, M. N.,
Frank, D., Grudd, H., Gunnarson, B. E., Hughes, M. K., Kirdyanov, A. V.,
Körner, C., Krusic, P. J., Luckman, B., Melvin, T. M., Salzer, M. W.,
Shashkin, A. V., Timmreck, C., Vaganov, E. A., and Wilson, R. J. S.: Tree
rings and volcanic cooling, Nat. Geoci., 5, 836–837,
https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1645, 2012. 3. Barnes, J. E. and Hofmann, D. J.: Lidar measurements of stratospheric
aerosol over Mauna Loa Observatory, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 1923–1926,
https://doi.org/10.1029/97GL01943, 1997. 4. Bittner, M., Schmidt, H., Timmreck, C., and Sienz, F.: Using a large
ensemble of simulations to assess the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric
dynamical response to tropical volcanic eruptions and its uncertainty,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 43, 9324–9332, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL070587,
2016. 5. Bjerknes, J.: Atmospheric Teleconnections From the Equatorial Pacific, Mon.
Weather Rev., 97, 163–172, 1969.
Cited by
8 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献
|
|