Comprehensive characterization of particulate intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) from heavy-duty diesel vehicles using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry
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Published:2022-11-01
Issue:21
Volume:22
Page:13935-13947
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
He Xiao, Zheng Xuan, Zhang Shaojun, Wang XuanORCID, Chen Ting, Zhang Xiao, Huang Guanghan, Cao Yihuan, He Liqiang, Cao Xubing, Cheng YuanORCID, Wang ShuxiaoORCID, Wu Ye
Abstract
Abstract. Tailpipe emissions from three heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs), complying
with varying emission standards and installed with diverse aftertreatment
technologies, are collected at a certified chassis dynamometer laboratory.
The HDDV-emitted intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compound
(I/SVOC) emission and the gas–particle partitioning of the I/SVOCs are
investigated. Over 4000 compounds are identified and grouped into
21 categories. The dominant compound groups of particulate I/SVOCs
are alkanes and phenolic compounds. For HDDVs without aftertreatment
devices, i.e., diesel oxidation catalysts (DOCs) and diesel particulate filters
(DPFs), the emitted I/SVOCs partition dramatically into the gas phase
(accounting for ∼ 93 % of the total I/SVOC mass), with a few
exceptions: hopane, four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAH4rings), and five-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH5rings). For HDDVs with DPFs and DOCs, the
particulate fractions are reduced to a negligible level (i.e., less than
2 %). Nevertheless, 50 % of the total two-ring PAH mass is detected in the
particle phase, which is much higher than the high-molecular-weight PAHs,
arising from the positive sampling artifact of quartz filter absorbing
organic vapors. The positive sampling artifact of quartz filter absorbing
organic vapors is clearly observed, and uncertainties are discussed and
quantified. Particulate I/SVOCs at low-speed, middle-speed, and high-speed
phases are collected and analyzed separately. The emission factor (EF)
distribution of the speciated organic aerosol (OA) on a two-dimensional
volatility basis set (2D-VBS) space reveals that the fractions of OA with oxygen to carbon (O : C) ratios > 0.3 (0.4, 0.5) are 18.2 %
(11.5 %, 9.5 %), 23 % (15.4 %, 13.6 %), and 29.1 % (20.6 %,
19.1 %) at the low-speed, middle-speed, and high-speed stages. These results
help to resolve complex organic mixtures and trace the evolution of OA.
Funder
Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program National Natural Science Foundation of China
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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