Magnetic fabric analyses of basin inversion: a sandbox modelling approach
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Published:2023-04-27
Issue:4
Volume:14
Page:447-461
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ISSN:1869-9529
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Container-title:Solid Earth
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Solid Earth
Author:
Schöfisch ThorbenORCID, Koyi Hemin, Almqvist BjarneORCID
Abstract
Abstract. A magnetic fabric analysis is a useful tool to display deformation in nature and in models. In this study, three sandbox models represent basin inversion above a velocity discontinuity (base plate). After complete deformation of each model, samples were taken in different parts of the models (along faults and areas away from faults) for magnetic fabric analysis. Model I, which simulates basin formation during extension, shows two kinds of magnetic fabric: an “undeformed”/initial fabric in areas away from faults and a normal fault-induced fabric with a magnetic foliation that tends to align with the fault surface. Models II and III were extended to the same stage as Model I but were subsequently shortened/inverted by 1.5 cm (Model II) and 4 cm (Model III). Both inverted models developed “thrusts” during inversion. The
thrusts show an alignment of magnetic foliation parallel to the fault
surfaces that depends on the maturity of the thrust. Our results highlight
that thrusting is more efficient in aligning the magnetic fabric along them
compared to normal faults. Moreover, models II and III reveal a magnetic
fabric overprint towards a penetrative strain-induced fabric (magnetic
lineation perpendicular to shortening direction) with increasing strain in
areas away from thrusts. Such overprint shows a gradual transition of a
magnetic fabric to a penetrative strain-induced fabric and further into a
thrust-induced fabric during shortening/inversion. In contrast, extension
(Model I) developed distinct magnetic fabrics without gradual overprint. In
addition, pre-existing normal faults are also overprinted to a penetrative
strain-induced fabric during model inversion. They define weak zones within
the main pop-up imbricate and steepen during model inversion. Steepening
influences the magnetic fabric at the faults and, in general, the strain
propagation through the model during inversion. The magnetic fabric extracted from the models presented here reflect the
different stages of basin development and inversion. This study is a first
attempt of applying magnetic fabric analyses on models simulating inverted
basins. This study illustrates the possibility of applying a robust tool,
i.e. magnetic fabric analyses, to sandbox models, whose initial,
intermediate, and final stages are well documented, to understand fabric
development in inverted tectonic regimes.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Paleontology,Stratigraphy,Earth-Surface Processes,Geochemistry and Petrology,Geology,Geophysics,Soil Science
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