Shell chemistry of the boreal Campanian bivalve <i>Rastellum diluvianum</i> (Linnaeus, 1767) reveals temperature seasonality, growth rates and life cycle of an extinct Cretaceous oyster
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Published:2020-06-03
Issue:11
Volume:17
Page:2897-2922
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ISSN:1726-4189
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Container-title:Biogeosciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Biogeosciences
Author:
de Winter Niels J.ORCID, Ullmann Clemens V.ORCID, Sørensen Anne M., Thibault Nicolas, Goderis StevenORCID, Van Malderen Stijn J. M., Snoeck Christophe, Goolaerts Stijn, Vanhaecke Frank, Claeys PhilippeORCID
Abstract
Abstract. The Campanian age (Late Cretaceous) is characterized by a warm greenhouse
climate with limited land-ice volume. This makes this period an ideal target
for studying climate dynamics during greenhouse periods, which are essential
for predictions of future climate change due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas
emissions. Well-preserved fossil shells from the Campanian (±78 Ma)
high mid-latitude (50∘ N) coastal faunas of the Kristianstad Basin
(southern Sweden) offer a unique snapshot of short-term climate and
environmental variability, which complements existing long-term climate
reconstructions. In this study, we apply a combination of high-resolution
spatially resolved trace element analyses (micro-X-ray
fluorescence – µXRF – and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass
spectrometry – LA-ICP-MS),
stable isotope analyses (IRMS) and growth modeling to study short-term
(seasonal) variations recorded in the oyster species Rastellum diluvianum from the Ivö Klack
locality. Geochemical records through 12 specimens shed light on the
influence of specimen-specific and ontogenetic effects on the expression of
seasonal variations in shell chemistry and allow disentangling vital effects
from environmental influences in an effort to refine paleoseasonality
reconstructions of Late Cretaceous greenhouse climates. Growth models based
on stable oxygen isotope records yield information on the mode of life,
circadian rhythm and reproductive cycle of these extinct oysters. This
multi-proxy study reveals that mean annual temperatures in the Campanian
higher mid-latitudes were 17 to 19 ∘C, with winter minima of
∼13 ∘C and summer maxima of 26 ∘C,
assuming a Late Cretaceous seawater oxygen isotope composition of
−1 ‰ VSMOW (Vienna standard mean ocean water). These results yield smaller latitudinal
differences in temperature seasonality in the Campanian compared to today.
Latitudinal temperature gradients were similar to the present, contrasting
with previous notions of “equable climate” during the Late Cretaceous. Our
results also demonstrate that species-specific differences and uncertainties
in the composition of Late Cretaceous seawater prevent trace element proxies
(Mg∕Ca, Sr∕Ca, Mg∕Li and Sr∕Li) from being used as reliable temperature proxies
for fossil oyster shells. However, trace element profiles can serve as a
quick tool for diagenesis screening and investigating seasonal growth
patterns in ancient shells.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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