An improved global land cover mapping in 2015 with 30 m resolution (GLC-2015) based on a multisource product-fusion approach
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Published:2023-06-07
Issue:6
Volume:15
Page:2347-2373
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ISSN:1866-3516
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Container-title:Earth System Science Data
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Earth Syst. Sci. Data
Author:
Li Bingjie, Xu XiaocongORCID, Liu Xiaoping, Shi Qian, Zhuang Haoming, Cai YaotongORCID, He Da
Abstract
Abstract. Global land cover (GLC) information with fine spatial
resolution is a fundamental data input for studies on biogeochemical cycles
of the Earth system and global climate change. Although there are several
public GLC products with 30 m resolution, considerable inconsistencies were
found among them, especially in fragmented regions and transition zones, which brings great uncertainties to various application tasks. In this
paper, we developed an improved global land cover map in 2015 with 30 m
resolution (GLC-2015) by fusing multiple existing land cover (LC) products
based on the Dempster–Shafer theory of evidence (DSET). Firstly, we used more than 160 000 global point-based samples to locally evaluate the reliability of the input products for each land cover class within each
4∘ × 4∘ geographical grid for the establishment
of the basic probability assignment (BPA) function. Then, Dempster's rule of combination was used for each 30 m pixel to derive the combined probability mass of each possible land cover class from all the candidate
maps. Finally, each pixel was determined with a land cover class based on a
decision rule. Through this fusing process, each pixel is expected to be
assigned the land cover class that contributes to achieving a higher accuracy. We assessed our product separately with 34 711 global point-based
samples and 201 global patch-based samples. Results show that the GLC-2015 map achieved the highest mapping performance globally, continentally, and
ecoregionally compared with the existing 30 m GLC maps, with an overall accuracy of 79.5 % (83.6 %) and a kappa coefficient of 0.757 (0.566)
against the point-based (patch-based) validation samples. Additionally, we
found that the GLC-2015 map showed substantial outperformance in the areas
of inconsistency, with an accuracy improvement of 19.3 %–28.0 % in areas
of moderate inconsistency and 27.5 %–29.7 % in areas of high inconsistency. Hopefully, this improved GLC-2015 product can be applied to
reduce uncertainties in the research on global environmental changes,
ecosystem service assessments, and hazard damage evaluations. The GLC-2015 map developed in this study is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.22358143.v2 (Li et al.,
2023).
Funder
National Key Research and Development Program of China National Natural Science Foundation of China National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
General Earth and Planetary Sciences
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