The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

Author:

Xiao Mao,Hoyle Christopher R.,Dada LubnaORCID,Stolzenburg DominikORCID,Kürten Andreas,Wang MingyiORCID,Lamkaddam Houssni,Garmash OlgaORCID,Mentler BernhardORCID,Molteni UgoORCID,Baccarini AndreaORCID,Simon MarioORCID,He Xu-ChengORCID,Lehtipalo KatrianneORCID,Ahonen Lauri R.ORCID,Baalbaki RimaORCID,Bauer Paulus S.ORCID,Beck LisaORCID,Bell David,Bianchi FedericoORCID,Brilke SophiaORCID,Chen DexianORCID,Chiu Randall,Dias António,Duplissy JonathanORCID,Finkenzeller HenningORCID,Gordon HamishORCID,Hofbauer Victoria,Kim ChanghyukORCID,Koenig Theodore K.ORCID,Lampilahti Janne,Lee Chuan PingORCID,Li ZijunORCID,Mai Huajun,Makhmutov Vladimir,Manninen Hanna E.,Marten RubyORCID,Mathot Serge,Mauldin Roy L.,Nie Wei,Onnela Antti,Partoll Eva,Petäjä TuukkaORCID,Pfeifer JoschkaORCID,Pospisilova Veronika,Quéléver Lauriane L. J.,Rissanen MattiORCID,Schobesberger SiegfriedORCID,Schuchmann Simone,Stozhkov Yuri,Tauber ChristianORCID,Tham Yee JunORCID,Tomé António,Vazquez-Pufleau Miguel,Wagner Andrea C.,Wagner Robert,Wang YonghongORCID,Weitz Lena,Wimmer DanielaORCID,Wu Yusheng,Yan ChaoORCID,Ye PenglinORCID,Ye QingORCID,Zha QiaozhiORCID,Zhou Xueqin,Amorim Antonio,Carslaw KenORCID,Curtius JoachimORCID,Hansel ArminORCID,Volkamer RainerORCID,Winkler Paul M.,Flagan Richard C.ORCID,Kulmala MarkkuORCID,Worsnop Douglas R.,Kirkby JasperORCID,Donahue Neil M.ORCID,Baltensperger Urs,El Haddad Imad,Dommen JosefORCID

Abstract

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid–base clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in polluted atmospheres.

Funder

H2020 European Research Council

FP7 Ideas: European Research Council

European Research Council

Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung

National Science Foundation

Russian Academy of Sciences

Austrian Science Fund

Academy of Finland

Publisher

Copernicus GmbH

Subject

Atmospheric Science

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