Dispersion of particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) from wood combustion for residential heating: optimization of mitigation actions based on large-eddy simulations
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Published:2021-08-19
Issue:16
Volume:21
Page:12463-12477
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ISSN:1680-7324
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Container-title:Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Chem. Phys.
Author:
Wolf TobiasORCID, Pettersson Lasse H.ORCID, Esau IgorORCID
Abstract
Abstract. Many cities in the world experience significant air
pollution from residential wood combustion. Such an advection–diffusion
problem as applied to geographically distributed small-scale pollution
sources presently does not have a satisfactory theoretical or modeling
solution. For example, statistical models do not allow for pollution
accumulation in local stagnation zones – a type of phenomena that is
commonly observed over complex terrain. This study applies a Parallelized
Atmospheric Large-eddy simulation Model (PALM) to investigate dynamical
phenomena that control variability and pathways of the atmospheric pollution
emitted by wood-burning household stoves. The model PALM runs at spatial
resolution of 10 m in an urban-sized modeling domain of 29 km by 35 km with
a real spatial distribution of the pollution source and with realistic
surface boundary conditions that characterize a medium-sized urban area
fragmented by water bodies and hills. Such complex geography is expected to
favor local air quality hazards, which makes this study of general
interest. The case study here is based on winter conditions in Bergen,
Norway. We investigate the turbulent diffusion of a passive scalar
associated with small-sized particles (PM2.5) emitted by household stoves.
The study considers air pollution effects that could be observed under
different policy scenarios of stove replacement; modern woodstoves emit
significantly less PM2.5 than the older ones, but replacement of stoves is
a costly and challenging process. We found significant accumulation of near-surface pollution in the local
stagnation zones. The simulated concentrations were larger than the
concentrations obtained only due to the local PM2.5 emission, thus
indicating dominant transboundary contribution of pollutants for other
districts. We demonstrate how the source of critical pollution can be
attributed through model disaggregation of emission from specific districts.
The study reveals a decisive role of local air circulations over complex
terrain that makes high-resolution modeling indispensable for adequate
management of the urban air quality. This modeling study has important policy-related implications. Uneven
spatial distribution of the pollutants suggests prioritizing certain limited
urban districts in policy scenarios. We show that focused efforts towards
stove replacement in specific areas may have a dominant positive effect on the
air quality in the whole municipality. The case study identifies urban
districts where limited incentives would result in the strongest reduction
of the population's exposure to PM2.5.
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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