Sedimentary architecture and landforms of the late Saalian (MIS 6) ice sheet margin offshore of the Netherlands
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Published:2021-11-02
Issue:6
Volume:9
Page:1399-1421
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ISSN:2196-632X
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Container-title:Earth Surface Dynamics
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Earth Surf. Dynam.
Author:
Cartelle VíctorORCID, Barlow Natasha L. M., Hodgson David M., Busschers Freek S., Cohen Kim M.ORCID, Meijninger Bart M. L., van Kesteren Wessel P.
Abstract
Abstract. Reconstructing the growth and decay of palaeo-ice sheets
is critical to understanding the relationships between global climate and
sea-level change and to testing numerical ice sheet models. In this study,
we integrate recently acquired high-resolution 2D seismic reflection and
borehole datasets from two wind-farm sites offshore of the Netherlands to
investigate the sedimentary, geomorphological, and glaciotectonic records
left by the Saalian Drenthe substage glaciation, when Scandinavian land ice
reached its southernmost extent in the southern North Sea (ca. 160 ka,
Marine Isotope Stage 6). A complex assemblage of glaciogenic sediments and
glaciotectonic structures is buried in the shallow subsurface. The northern
wind-farm site revealed a set of NE–SW-oriented subglacial meltwater channels
filled with till and glaciofluvial sediments and an E–W-trending composite
ridge with local evidence of intense glaciotectonic deformation that denotes
the maximum limit reached by the ice. Based on the identified glacial
geomorphology, we refine the mapping of the maximum ice sheet extent
offshore, revealing that the ice margin morphology is more complex than
previously envisaged and displaying a lobate shape. Ice retreat left an
unusual paraglacial landscape characterised by the progressive infilling of
topographic depressions carved by ice-driven erosion and a diffuse drainage
network of outwash channels. The net direction of outwash was to the west
and southwest into a nearby glacial basin. We demonstrate the utility of
offshore wind-farm data as records of process–form relationships preserved in
buried landscapes, which can be utilised in refining palaeo-ice sheet
margins and informing longer-term drivers of change in low-relief settings.
Funder
H2020 European Research Council
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Geophysics
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