Role of jellyfish in the plankton ecosystem revealed using a global ocean biogeochemical model
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Published:2021-02-18
Issue:4
Volume:18
Page:1291-1320
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ISSN:1726-4189
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Container-title:Biogeosciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Biogeosciences
Author:
Wright Rebecca M.ORCID, Le Quéré CorinneORCID, Buitenhuis ErikORCID, Pitois Sophie, Gibbons Mark J.
Abstract
Abstract. Jellyfish are increasingly recognised as important components of
the marine ecosystem, yet their specific role is poorly defined compared to
that of other zooplankton groups. This paper presents the first global ocean
biogeochemical model that includes an explicit representation of jellyfish
and uses the model to gain insight into the influence of jellyfish on the
plankton community. The Plankton Type Ocean Model (PlankTOM11) model groups organisms into plankton
functional types (PFTs). The jellyfish PFT is parameterised here based on our
synthesis of observations on jellyfish growth, grazing, respiration and
mortality rates as functions of temperature and jellyfish biomass. The
distribution of jellyfish is unique compared to that of other PFTs in the
model. The jellyfish global biomass of 0.13 PgC is within the observational
range and comparable to the biomass of other zooplankton and phytoplankton
PFTs. The introduction of jellyfish in the model has a large direct
influence on the crustacean macrozooplankton PFT and influences indirectly
the rest of the plankton ecosystem through trophic cascades. The zooplankton
community in PlankTOM11 is highly sensitive to the jellyfish mortality rate,
with jellyfish increasingly dominating the zooplankton community as its
mortality diminishes. Overall, the results suggest that jellyfish play an
important role in regulating global marine plankton ecosystems across
plankton community structure, spatio-temporal dynamics and biomass, which is a role
that has been generally neglected so far.
Funder
Natural Environment Research Council Royal Society Newton Fund H2020 European Research Council
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Earth-Surface Processes,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
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