McRALI: a Monte Carlo high-spectral-resolution lidar and Doppler radar simulator for three-dimensional cloudy atmosphere remote sensing
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Published:2021-01-12
Issue:1
Volume:14
Page:199-221
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ISSN:1867-8548
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Container-title:Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Atmos. Meas. Tech.
Author:
Szczap Frédéric, Alkasem Alaa, Mioche GuillaumeORCID, Shcherbakov Valery, Cornet Céline, Delanoë Julien, Gour Yahya, Jourdan OlivierORCID, Banson Sandra, Bray Edouard
Abstract
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to present the Monte Carlo code McRALI that
provides simulations under multiple-scattering regimes of polarized high-spectral-resolution (HSR) lidar and Doppler radar observations for
a three-dimensional (3D) cloudy atmosphere. The effects of nonuniform beam
filling (NUBF) on HSR lidar and Doppler radar signals related to the
EarthCARE mission are investigated with the help of an academic 3D
box cloud characterized by a single isolated jump in cloud optical depth,
assuming vertically constant wind velocity. Regarding Doppler radar signals,
it is confirmed that NUBF induces a severe bias in velocity estimates. The
correlation of the NUBF bias of Doppler velocity with the horizontal
gradient of reflectivity shows a correlation coefficient value around 0.15 m s−1 (dBZ km-1)-1, close to that given in the scientific
literature. Regarding HSR lidar signals, we confirm that multiple-scattering
processes are not negligible. We show that NUBF effects on molecular,
particulate, and total attenuated backscatter are mainly due to unresolved
variability of cloud inside the receiver field of view and, to a lesser
extent, to the horizontal photon transport. This finding gives some insight
into the reliability of lidar signal modeling using independent column
approximation (ICA).
Publisher
Copernicus GmbH
Subject
Atmospheric Science
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